Error and Exception Handling Policy

Overall

Exceptions should be thrown...

• whenever genuine Exceptions occur;
• when other error states (determined by program logic) are detected in code and the handling for those is outside the current program scope (e.g. Method, Property Getter/Setter, etc.).

Raising of Exceptions is not considered costly nowadays. We are happy to throw Exceptions across .NET Remoting boundaries as well, as long this occurs infrequently (see [[Exception Handling across .NET Remoting Boundaries (Server -> Client) below]]).

Practices That Need to be Adhered to

General

• Exceptions must never be 'swallowed', that is, get caught and not get re-raised again!
  • What is allowed is catching of a certain Exception and throwing of another Exception instead (in that Exception handler). However, the new Exception must never be a generalisation. Rather it needs to be a specialisation of the Exception that gets handled. Alternatively it can be a different Exception altogether, if this is meaningful. The second option needs to be carefully assessed and the pros and cons need to be considered - it must not cause confusion in any situation where it might be handled by a caller.
    • Example - ALLOWED: catching a System.Exception and raising e.g. a System.IO.IOException or a custom openPETRA Exception (both result in a specialisation, which is fine).
    • Example - NOT ALLOWED: catching a System.NullReferenceException and raising a System.Exception instead (that would be a generalisation, in which valuable information is lost!).
    • Another part of re throwing an exception is a proper reaction of an error message (ref. Comments to Revision 1089#A new common Exception: CancelSaveException). In this case the error handling has been done inside of the exception handler joined with a appropriate error message and then a large part of manual code and automatic generated code shall not to be done. One example of this is the CancelSaveException which is defined in PetraEditForms.cs. This exception is thrown in GLAccountHierarchy.ManualCode.cs. In the try block in specific situations a System.Data.ConstraintException is thrown.
  • When another Exception is raised than the original Exception, the original Exception must be added as the 'InnerException' of the newly raised Exception. In doing so the original Exception information isn't lost (incl. the code line where the original Exception occured [if the Assembly is built in the Debug rather than the Release configuration]!).
    • This is done by adding the instance of the original Exception as the second Argument when creating the instance of the new Exception.
      • Example: throw new MyAppException("Error caused by trying ThrowInner.", Exp);, where Exp is the instance of the original Exception.
      • Full Example: see Exception.InnerException Property
• TODO

File Operations

TODO

Server-specific Considerations

TODO

DB Access

TODO

Client-specific Considerations

TODO

Exception Handling across .NET Remoting Boundaries (Server -> Client)

All the information that is encapsulated in an Exception is transported without loss of fidelity across .NET Remoting boundaries (this works fine from Linux/mono to Windows/MS .NET as well!).

We are happy to throw Exceptions across .NET Remoting boundaries. However, this this should be done infrequently as throwing Exceptions across .NET Remoting boundaries is more costly then throwing Exceptions in the same Operating System process. Be sure to never throw Exceptions across .NET Remoting boundaries in a loop of some sort because this could result in a lot of Exceptions which would all need to be remoted, and this would be quite costly!

Custom Exceptions crossing .NET Remoting Boundaries

If a custom Exception needs to be able to cross .NET Remoting boundaries and keep its specific data in doing so, care needs to be taken that any custom Exception data is not lost!

Of special importance is the implementation of the Method 'GetObjectData': check out some of our custom Exceptions in the Namespace Ict.Petra.Shared.RemotedExceptions to see examples on how this is done properly!

Obligatory Namespace for Remoted Exceptions

All custom Exceptions which can cross .NET Remoting boundaries must be specified in the Namespace Ict.Petra.Shared.RemotedExceptions.